targum
An Aramaic translation of the Tanakh written or compiled between the Second Temple period and the early Middle Ages.
Jonathan who compiled the Thargum, conceives the colours of these banners to answer the pretious stones in the breastplate, and upon which the names of the Tribes were engraven.
Where it comes from
From Hebrew תַּרְגּוּם (targúm, “translation”).
Adapted from the Wiktionary entry targum (CC BY-SA 4.0).