intumescent
Any substance that swells on exposure to heat, thus increasing in volume and decreasing in density.
Intumescents are used in some fire protection systems.
Where it comes from
From Latin intumēscēns, present participle of intumescō (“rise, swell”), from tumescō (“become inflated”).
Adapted from the Wiktionary entry intumescent (CC BY-SA 4.0).