duodecennial
Consisting of twelve years, occurring in 12-year cycles.
The duodecennial Chinese zodiac originated from Chinese and Indian observations of the duodecennial cycle of the Jovian orbit.
Occurring once a duodecade, occurring every 12 years.
The concept of a duodecennial "Jupiter return" in Western astrology arose from similar concerns.
Where it comes from
From Latin duodecennium (“12-year period”) + English -al (“forming adjs”), equivalent to borrowing the unattested duodecennialis.
Adapted from the Wiktionary entry duodecennial (CC BY-SA 4.0).